Hermannstadt: Sibiu and The German Influence in Romania

The Coat of Arms of Hermannstadt

The old moat of Sibiu

Functioning as the most important center for German minority in Transylvania since the early 12th century, it is easy to see the German influence in the architecture and formation of Sibiu. Constructed by Transylvanian Saxons, the structure of the city featured extremely efficient means of protection and is one of seven fortified citadels in Transylvania. Financed by guilds, the Germans were easily able to fund the project and much of the wall still protects the 17th century construction within. Sibiu, or Hermannstadt as it is referred to by Germans, avoided attack due to the complexity of its construction which gave them the defensive upper hand. The old city was surrounded by a moat, followed by an intricate double wall system. Sibiu's original fortifications included 39 defensive towers, five bulwarks, four gates and five artillery batteries. This level of fortifications made it nearly impossible to attack the citizens within. One of the more interesting tidbits that Ursula shared was that Romanians had to be outside the walls by nightfall otherwise they would face legal ramifications. I find it incredible that, #1, a minority could influence the majority so effectively, and #2, that this discrimination of Romanians in the past has been overcome to the point that both Romanians and Germans can function together seamlessly. Not only on daily tension absent, but the Romanian majority voted a German mayor into office which seems extremely progressive to me.

The Wall of Sibiu

Sibiu was shockingly more beautiful than Bucharest, and I was much more comfortable in the city. The wide open Piata Mare reminded me of the beautiful piazas in Italy and it was lovely to see the children and families enjoying themselves in the sunshine. It also featured some of the most obvious German architecture, such as the elegant yellow and green clock tower. Because of the impressive buildings, the square was declared an architectural monument site by UNESCO. I was pleased and surprised to see that so many of the wonder of Romania have become protected by UNESCO because there are so many wonderful things in the country that I didn't even know existed.

Another extraordinary building that we visited was the Evangelical Cathedral. It was built in 1520 on the site of the old Roman basilica. I was amazed by the extraordinary architecture and how beautiful it looked in contrast to the blue sky. Seeing the cathedral was complemented by our visit the German bishop of the Evangelical Church. He talked about the struggles the church has faced since the migration of many Germans after the fall of the communist regime. Because of shrinking communities, the church functions beyond its typical capacities to provide community, health and education to the remaining German villages. They hope that such provisions might encourage the young people to remain in Romania to help the country develop to its full potential. It was wonderful to hear his insight and know that someone recognized the importance of education and incentivizing young people as crucial aspects of Romania's future success.